MPV Commentary

The narrative of Jesus' life begins in earnest with this passage, marking the commencement of a pivotal era in the Church's history (Lu 3:23). Luke's Gospel claims to provide an accurate account of all things from the beginning (Lu 1:3), and this section demonstrates his commitment to precision. The events described here set the stage for Jesus' ministry.

The fifteenth year of Tiberius Caesar's reign is specified, which corresponds to approximately four years before the commonly accepted date (A.D. 26-29). Pilate was the Roman governor of Judea, holding a position with more authority than usual. Herod Antipas ruled over Galilee and Perea, while Philip governed Iturea, Trachonitis, and Abilene to the northeast.

The high priests Annas and Caiaphas held positions of great influence in Jerusalem. Although Annas had been deposed, he likely continued to wield significant power as a deputy or sagan (Joh 18:13; Ac 4:6). The practice of having two high priests was established during David's reign (2Sa 15:35), and it appears that this tradition continued.

The word of God came to John the Baptist, who would play a crucial role in preparing the way for Jesus' ministry. This phrase is significant because it highlights John's unique calling as a prophet, distinct from Jesus' divine nature, which was manifest throughout His life (Olshausen).

John's message emphasized repentance and preparation for the Lord's arrival. He declared that every obstacle would be removed, revealing to all people the salvation of God in Jesus Christ (Isa 40:5; Ps 98:3). This theme is echoed in various Old Testament passages, including Isaiah 11:10, 49:6, and 52:10.

The crowd asked John what they should do to demonstrate their repentance. He responded by instructing them to share their possessions with those in need, refrain from extortion, and avoid violence (Mt 3:10). These actions would evidence their genuine remorse and willingness to change.

Some individuals questioned whether John was the Messiah, but he denied any such claim, emphasizing his role as a servant who prepared the way for one greater than himself. He acknowledged that Jesus was indeed mightier than he, and his humble spirit is evident throughout this passage (Joh 1:29-34).

Herod Antipas had many interactions with John, including hearing him gladly despite his own sinful behavior (Mr 6:20). However, Herod's actions were ultimately driven by a desire to eliminate John due to his influence and the threat he posed.

The baptism of Jesus marked an important moment in His life, as He was baptized alongside others to demonstrate His separation from sinners. This act would be followed by the descent of the Holy Spirit upon Him (Lu 3:21-22).